Transformasi Profesionalisme Guru di Era Disrupsi: Tinjauan Kritis terhadap Kebijakan Pendidikan Digital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63461/civic-edutech.v21.322Keywords:
Teacher Professionalism, Policy, Digital EducationAbstract
Digital education transformation is often misinterpreted as limited to the provision of infrastructure and bureaucratic digitalization, which ironically burdens educators. This article aims to critically analyze the synergy between digital education policy and the transformation of teacher professionalism in the era of disruption. Using the library study method with a qualitative content analysis approach, this study dissects the picture between the regulatory text and the reality in the field. The results of the study show three main findings. First, teachers are required to evolve from mere application operators to digital learning designers. Second, regulations centered on the provision of application administration have triggered the pressure of technology and performative work culture, thereby eroding the fundamental essence of teaching activities. Third, a reorientation towards adaptive and humanist policies is needed. At the macro level, the government needs to debureaucratize through integrated data integration, while at the micro level, school leadership must be present as a protective shield that ensures the psychological well-being of teachers. In conclusion, policy synergy that favors the welfare of educators is an absolute prerequisite for technology to function as an instrument of empowerment, not a rigid supervisory tool that shuts down pedagogical innovation.
References
Adeshina, A. E. (2024). The Transformative Role of Digital Resources in Teaching and Learning. Open Journal of Educational Development (ISSN: 2734-2050), 5(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.52417/ojed.v5i1.520
Afdal, M. (2025). Implementing Digital Technology in Learning in the Digital Era: Challenges and Opportunities for Teachers. ETIC (EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL), 2(5), 488–496. https://doi.org/10.64924/cwz8e155
Ainiyah, N., Nizammudin, M. R. S., Wicaksono, R. D., Trihantoyo, S., & Sholeh, M. (2025). Strategi dan tantangan pengembangan karir profesional berkelanjutan guru di era digital. Jurnal Pendidik Indonesia, 6(2), 99–119. https://doi.org/10.61291/10.61291/jpi.v6i2.119
Aleksieva, L. (2025). Preparing Pre-Service Teachers for the Digital Transformation of Education: Exploring University Teacher Educators’ Views and Practical Strategies. Education Sciences, 15(4), 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15040404
Althubyani, A. R. (2024). Digital Competence of Teachers and the Factors Affecting Their Competence Level: A Nationwide Mixed-Methods Study. Sustainability, 16(7), 2796. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16072796
Arifuddin, A., Khoiriyah, S., Sugianto, H., & Karim, A. R. (2025). Integrating technological pedagogical content knowledge in Learning: A systematic review. Journal of Research in Instructional, 5(1), 16–39. https://doi.org/10.30862/jri.v5i1.429
Butler, D., Leahy, M., Charania, A., Gedara, P. M., Keane, T., Laferrière, T., Nakamura, K., Ueda, H., & Bocconi, S. (2024). Aligning Digital Educational Policies with the New Realities of Schooling. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 29(4), 1831–1849. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10758-024-09776-9
Damanik, J., & Widodo, W. (2024). Unlocking Teacher Professional Performance: Exploring Teaching Creativity in Transmitting Digital Literacy, Grit, and Instructional Quality. Education Sciences, 14(4), 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040384
Decuypere, M., Grimaldi, E., & Landri, P. (2021). Introduction: Critical studies of digital education platforms. Critical Studies in Education, 62(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2020.1866050
Deiborme Lyngdoh, Mr., & B.B. Kharbirymbai, Prof. (2025). Reconfiguring Teacher Identity in the Digital Age: A Critical Review of Multi-Role Negotiation, Professional Challenges, and Emerging Opportunities in 21st-Century Education. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CREATIVE RESEARCH THOUGHTS, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.56975/ijcrt.v13i3.278561
Desiga, H. I., & Liswati, K. N. (2025). GURU HEBAT DI ERA DIGITAL: MENELUSURI JEJAK PENGEMBANGAN KOMPETENSI MELALUI STUDI LITERATUR. J-Simbol: Jurnal Magister Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 13(2), 850–858. https://doi.org/10.23960/simbol.v13i2.927
Ek, Y., Rohman, R., Tombeng, D., & Rabbani, R. (2025). PENGUATAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS GURU SMP MELALUI TEKNOLOGI DIGITAL DI ERA INDUSTRI 4.0. COMMUNITY : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 5(1), 112–119. https://doi.org/10.51878/community.v5i1.5938
Fakhiroh, E. Z., Nurhadi, A., Atiqullah, & Mufarrikoh, Z. (2023). PENGEMBANGAN KEPROFESIAN BERKELANJUTAN GURU BAHASA MADURA MELALUI DIKLAT BAHASA DAN SASTRA MADURA DI PAMEKASAN. Re-JIEM (Research Journal of Islamic Education Management), 6(2), 219–231. https://doi.org/10.19105/re-jiem.v6i2.11882
Fauziah, A. N. M., Widodo, W., Hidayati, S. N., Aulia, E. V., Permata Sari, D., & Zahro, F. (2024). Optimalisasi Kurikulum Merdeka melalui Pelatihan Guru untuk Mengimplementasikan Teknologi AI dalam Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran. Sasambo: Jurnal Abdimas (Journal of Community Service), 6(4), 702–714. https://doi.org/10.36312/sasambo.v6i4.2206
Filina, N. Z., Sari, S. M., & Zahraini, Z. (2024). The utilization of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) in elementary school learning. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.371
Handayani, W., Hidayat, S., & Elan, E. (2025). Transformational Leadership of School Principals as a Catalyst for Digital Learning Implementation in Primary Schools. Journal of Innovation and Research in Primary Education, 4(3), 1073–7084. https://doi.org/10.56916/jirpe.v4i3.1826
Hernández-Sellés, N., & Massigoge-Galbis, M. (2024). Strengthening Policies for Education, Innovation, and Digitization Through Teacher Training: Evaluating ProFuturo’s Open Model in Ecuador. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 25(4), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v25i4.7865
Ibda, H., Syamsi, I., & Rukiyati, R. (2023). Professional elementary teachers in the digital era: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(1), 459. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.23565
Kerssens, N., & Dijck, J. V. (2021). The platformization of primary education in The Netherlands. Learning, Media and Technology, 46(3), 250–263. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2021.1876725
Kim, K.-N. (2019). Teachers’ administrative workload crowding out instructional activities. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 39(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2019.1572592
Kirinić, V., Čerepinko, D., & Rosanda Žigo, I. (2023). Factor Analysis of Croatian Secondary School Teachers’ Readiness for Digital Transformation. Social Sciences, 12(12), 650. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12120650
Kumar, P., & Pal, Y. (2024). DIGITAL WORKLOAD FATIGUE AND TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMMITMENT: A CRITICAL STUDY OF HYBRID LEARNING ARRANGEMENTS. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.6505
Londar, S., Gaiduk, I., & SSI “Institute of Educational Analytics.” (2023). ELECTRONIC DEBUREAUCRATIZATION OF SCHOOL DOCUMENTATION AS A SYSTEMIC FACTOR FOR IMPROVING ORGANIZATION OF EDUCATION PROCESS. Educational Analytics of Ukraine, (3), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.32987/2617-8532-2023-3-5-20
Magalhães, A. M., Mata, A. C. D. O., Silva, D. D. C., De Souza, G. S. D. S., Gonçalves, L. O. S., Dos Santos, M. P., Chaves, M. A. M., Meirelles, M. D. G. S., & De La Iglesias, P. A. D. M. (2025). DA FORMAÇÃO À PRÁTICA: O EDUCADOR NO CENTRO DAS MUDANÇAS EDUCACIONAIS. ARACÊ, 7(6), 29298–29307. https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n6-015
Masruroh, M., Eraku, S., & Pambudi, M. R. (2024). Challenges and Transformations: Building Teacher Professionalism in the Digital Era for Superior Education. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(SpecialIssue), 620–626. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10iSpecialIssue.9142
McClintock, A. H., Fainstad, T., Blau, K., & Jauregui, J. (2023). Psychological safety in medical education: A scoping review and synthesis of the literature. Medical Teacher, 45(11), 1290–1299. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2023.2216863
Mojtahedzadeh, R., Hasanvand, S., Mohammadi, A., Malmir, S., & Vatankhah, M. (2024). Students’ experience of interpersonal interactions quality in e-Learning: A qualitative research. PLOS ONE, 19(3), e0298079. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0298079
Mufidah, N. & Lutfi. (2025). Enhancing Teacher Competence in the Digital Age: Challenges and Strategies. ICONIC: Journal of Islamic Studies, 1(01), 35–46. https://doi.org/10.59166/h892wm89
Mustafa, M. (2025). Building a Digital Learning Culture; Strategic Educational Leadership in Smart School Ecosystems. Journal of Research in Educational Management, 4(1), 12–21. https://doi.org/10.71392/jrem.v4i1.88
Muyambi, G. C., & Ramorola, M. Z. (2025). Unveiling educators’ readiness to teach through Digital Media (DM): The case of South Africa. Education and Information Technologies, 30(10), 13807–13834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-13310-w
Nagel, I., Guðmundsdóttir, G. B., & Afdal, H. W. (2023). Teacher educators’ professional agency in facilitating professional digital competence. Teaching and Teacher Education, 132, 104238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104238
Nechitailo, I., & Alieva, A. (2025a). Resilience of the educational system in conditions of global social upheavals: The ratio of centralization and autonomy (Ukrainian experience for Europe). Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 38(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2025.2462959
Nechitailo, I., & Alieva, A. (2025b). Resilience of the educational system in conditions of global social upheavals: The ratio of centralization and autonomy (Ukrainian experience for Europe). Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research, 38(1), 28–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/13511610.2025.2462959
Nisa, R., Hadi, S., & Pristiani, R. (2025). Global Learning Transformation in Primary Education: A Systematic Review of Digital Policy and Access Enhancement. At-Thullab : Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 8(2), 194–216. https://doi.org/10.30736/atl.v8i2.2280
Norasid, S. N., & Ashaari, M. F. (2024). A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL MEDIA USE ON MENTAL HEALTH IN MALAYSIA. Al-Hikmah, 16(1), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.17576/alhikmah.2024.161/513
Nur Asyikin, Wulan Rafelia, & Ika Kurnia Sofiani. (2025). The Role Of Technology In Equitable Education: Policy Analysis And Implementation Challenges In Indonesia. Public Service: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan, 2(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.61166/service.v2i1.6
OKunlola, J. O., & Naicker, S. R. (2025). Digital Leadership in Education: A Bibliometric Analysis of Research Trends from 1993 to 2024. F1000Research, 14, 687. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.166667.2
Olaniyan, A. O., & Uzorka, A. (2024). Leadership’s Role in Facilitating Faculty Professional Development for Technology Integration. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science, 8(3), 470–480. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijtes.563
Oliveira, K. K. D. S., & De Souza, R. A. C. (2021). Digital Transformation towards Education 4.0. Informatics in Education. https://doi.org/10.15388/infedu.2022.13
Pangrazio, L. (2025). From a ‘patchwork of platforms’ to the platformized school? The changing nature of data infrastructures in education. British Journal of Educational Technology, bjet.70014. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.70014
Pangrazio, L., Selwyn, N., & Cumbo, B. (2023). A patchwork of platforms: Mapping data infrastructures in schools. Learning, Media and Technology, 48(1), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439884.2022.2035395
Phakamach, P., Panjarattanakorn, D., & Seenonlee, A. (2025). Innovative Leadership for Professional Education Administrators in the Digital Age. Journal of Education and Learning Reviews, 2(3), 153–170. https://doi.org/10.60027/jelr.2025.1765
Ross, P. M., Scanes, E., Poronnik, P., Coates, H., & Locke, W. (2022). Understanding STEM academics’ responses and resilience to educational reform of academic roles in higher education. International Journal of STEM Education, 9(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40594-022-00327-1
Rosyad, R., Wahyudin, D., Norman, E., Karim, A., Dewi, M., & Ropitasari, A. (2025). Digitalization of Private Islamic Universities in West Java: A Case Study of Leadership and Transformation. EDUKASIA Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 6(1), 161–176. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v6i1.1408
Rukaiya Isa Yahya. (2025). INFLUENCE OF WORKLOAD DISTRIBUTION ON TEACHING EFFECTIVENESS IN BUSINESS EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, YOLA. Journal of Educational Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.70382/bejerp.v7i8.008
Singh, R. K., Singh, A., & National Institute of Open Schooling. (2024). Building Sustainable Digital Education in India: Transformation through Equity, Inclusion and Accessibility. SOSHUM : Jurnal Sosial Dan Humaniora, 14(1), 54–62. https://doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v14i1.54-62
Skantz-Åberg, E., Lantz-Andersson, A., Lundin, M., & Williams, P. (2022). Teachers’ professional digital competence: An overview of conceptualisations in the literature. Cogent Education, 9(1), 2063224. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2022.2063224
Suhadi, S., Kusrina, T., & Suriswo, S. (2025). Pengaruh Model Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik Dalam Pengembangan Kurikulum Dan Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi Pada Guru Smk Negeri Se Kabupaten Demak. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(8), 4233–4251. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v6i8.8525
Tzafilkou, K., Perifanou, M., & Economides, A. A. (2023). Assessing teachers’ digital competence in primary and secondary education: Applying a new instrument to integrate pedagogical and professional elements for digital education. Education and Information Technologies, 28(12), 16017–16040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11848-9
Uzorka, A., & Olaniyan, A. O. (2023). Leadership role and professional development of technology. Education and Information Technologies, 28(1), 713–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11201-6
Vermila, A., & Kurniawati, F. (2025). A Systematic Literature Review on Technostress in Post-COVID-19 Education: Psychological Stressor, Antecedents, Mitigation Strategies, and the Role of Counseling. KONSELOR, 14(1), 33–57. https://doi.org/10.24036/02025141111-0-86
Wattanapanit, N. (2025). Leveraging Digital Learning Technologies to Drive Educational Administration Policies and Enhance Learning Quality in the Digital Age. International Journal of Sociologies and Anthropologies Science Reviews, 5(3), 905–920. https://doi.org/10.60027/ijsasr.2025.7696
Williamson, B. (2016). Digital education governance: An introduction. European Educational Research Journal, 15(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904115616630
Zainal, H., Xiao Hui, X., Thumboo, J., & Kok Yong, F. (2025). Organizational Leaders’ Views on Digital Health Competencies in Medical Education: Qualitative Semistructured Interview Study. JMIR Medical Education, 11, e64768. https://doi.org/10.2196/64768
Zancajo, A., Verger, A., & Bolea, P. (2022). Digitalization and beyond: The effects of Covid-19 on post-pandemic educational policy and delivery in Europe. Policy and Society, 41(1), 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1093/polsoc/puab016
Zed, M. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Zhang, L., Liu, Z., Zhao, L., & Gao, J. (2025). The Impact of Digital Technology Use on Teaching Quality in University Physical Education: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach. Applied Sciences, 15(14), 7689. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147689











